The church, as the columns of its crypt suggest, is one of the most ancient rural churches in the diocese of Bologna. In the middle of the 12th century, after a first hermitage, the Canons Regular of St. Fridianus from Lucca started to rebuild the structure according to the current Romanesque style.
After a decline period Santa Maria became flourishing again in 1456 thanks to the Canons Regular of the Lateran, who carried out several restoration and expansion works.