The Reserve is situated at a few kilometers in the east of Montepulciano, in the southern part of Val di Chiana, close to the border with Umbria. Besides the whole stretch of water, it includes part of Canale Maestro della Chiana and some adjacent rural lands. Montepulciano Lake is what remains of the large marsh occupying great part of Val di Chiana until the Medici period, and represents nowadays one of the most important wetlands in Central Italy. The Reserve is an important stop area for the avifauna migrating from the African countries to Europe, besides being used by several bird species to spend the winter and nest.